Difficult negotiations lie ahead in Israel after Netanyahu's bloc lost
its parliamentary majority
[October 31, 2026]
By CARA ANNA and IBRAHIM HAZBOUN
JERUSALEM (AP) — Israel's final election results confirmed Prime
Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and his allies lost their parliamentary
majority and that weeks of difficult negotiations among very different
parties, from ultra-Orthodox Jewish to secular to Arab-led, lie ahead.
The results released early Friday showed Netanyahu’s bloc won 53 seats
in Tuesday's election. The main opposition bloc won 48. Arab-led parties
secured the other 19, a historic showing. Now parties must meet, bargain
and seek a way to team up for at least 61 seats in the 120-member
Knesset.
Netanyahu, Israel’s longest-serving prime minister, remains in charge.
His main opponents would most likely need to partner with the Arab-led
parties to replace him.
Underscoring the fraught path ahead, Avigdor Lieberman, the leader of a
right-wing anti-Netanyahu faction, on Friday appeared to rule out any
partnership with Arab-led parties. That alone would make it nearly
impossible for Netanyahu’s opponents to form a coalition to oust him.
The president will task someone with forming a government
Difficult decisions lie ahead. Will the main opposition parties that
campaigned hard to unseat the divisive Netanyahu make the politically
sensitive choice to partner with Arab-led ones? Or will they toss their
vows aside to team up with Netanyahu in a potentially fractious unity
government?
Israel largely shuts down on Friday for the Jewish Sabbath, and it was
not clear who might be meeting with whom. Israelis debated possible
coalitions and challenges, as some expressed traditional wariness around
Arab parties and others insisted it was time for Jewish-led parties to
embrace them.
The election results still need to be certified and submitted to the
president next Wednesday. Then President Isaac Herzog will task someone
with forming the new government. That could be the leader of the party
that received the most votes — Netanyahu — or whoever leaders of the
various parties believe is best suited.
If multiple attempts to form a government fail, Israel faces a new
election early next year. Herzog this week said he will do everything in
his power to avoid that scenario.
Netanyahu and Likud target Arab parties without evidence
In the hours before final results were announced, Netanyahu and his
Likud party amplified unsubstantiated allegations that Arab-led parties
had “stolen” the election, potentially with foreign assistance.
The opposition quickly accused Netanyahu of demonizing Arab citizens,
who make up 20% of the population and showed up at the polls like never
before in outrage over his far-right government.
On Friday, Netanyahu again warned against forming a coalition with Arab
parties.
The head of Israel’s election committee, Supreme Court Justice Noam
Sohlberg, had said “serious suspicions” of foreign interference had been
brought before him. In a letter to the Shin Bet security agency,
Sohlberg said he could not verify the claims but asked the agency to
investigate.
Israeli media reported that members of Netanyahu’s party accused Qatar
of involvement, allegations the Gulf state dismissed as “ridiculous and
dangerous.” Many Israelis view Qatar as a patron of Hamas, while Qatar
says its relations with the militant group are part of its U.S.-backed
mediation efforts in the region.
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Israeli left-wing activists call for a government with Arab parties
outside Yashar party leader Gadi Eisenkot's residence in Herzliya,
Israel, Thursday, Oct. 29, 2026. (AP Photo/David Goldman)
The election commission said the investigation was based on
classified intelligence. Acting Director General Dean Livne did not
elaborate but warned that reports about the investigation had been
“entirely unfounded.”
“It does not affect the final results that will be submitted to the
president, nor does it concern any particular sector of the
population,” he said.
By casting doubt on the vote, Netanyahu appeared to be trying to
block any potential alliance between his opponents and the Arab-led
parties. Netanyahu has suggested that it would be treasonous for
chief rival Gadi Eisenkot or others to join with them.
The Shin Bet, seeking to calm tensions, said its investigation was
not meant to “cast aspersions” on an entire section of the
population that “exercised its right to vote in a democratic and
lawful manner.”
The elections committee also sounded a note of caution in a letter
written to a concerned member of parliament, saying that
“allegations of systematic violations of electoral integrity are
baseless.”
The committee wants findings from the Shin Bet within a week.
Opposition could assert control in the upcoming Knesset
Even as coalition negotiations begin, the new Knesset is expected to
be sworn in Nov. 10. Once it convenes, Eisenkot’s bloc could join
forces with the Arab parties to elect a new Knesset speaker, giving
them control over the parliamentary agenda and potentially allowing
them to advance and pass legislation before a new government is
formed.
But Lieberman, a former Netanyahu ally now committed to ousting him,
referred to the Arab parties as “supporters of terrorism” in a
Facebook post, saying his Yisrael Beitenu party, which won seven
seats, would not partner with them.
Arab party leaders have condemned Hamas’ Oct. 7, 2023, attack on
Israel but have declined to label it a terrorist organization, in
part because it would appear to justify Israel’s devastating
campaign in Gaza.
Hundreds of Israelis have been holding rallies urging Eisenkot and
others to join forces with the Arab-led parties, a step that has
happened only once before, briefly, in 2021.
“I believe we should join forces and cooperate with the Arab
parties, a legitimate population in the state of Israel,” said Miri
Sklair, a resident of Jaffa.
Issa Jaber Abu-Ghosh, the former mayor of an Arab village outside
Jerusalem, said “Israel all the time claims to be the only democracy
in the Middle East,” but that it's not a “real democracy” if its
politics remain divided between Jews and Arabs.
If Netanyahu loses office, that would set off a cascade of events
that critics say he has desperately sought to avoid. He would be
politically weakened as he faces an ongoing corruption trial, and an
official inquiry into the security failures surrounding Hamas' Oct.
7, 2023, attack would almost certainly be launched.
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