Soon no Pearl Harbor survivors will be alive. People turn to other ways
to learn about the bombing
[December 08, 2025]
By AUDREY McAVOY
HONOLULU (AP) — Survivors of the 1941 Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor
have long been the center of a remembrance ceremony held each year on
the military base’s waterfront.
But today only 12 are still alive — all centenarians — and this year
none were able to make the pilgrimage to Hawaii to mark the event
Sunday.
That means no one who attended had firsthand memories of serving during
the attack, which killed more than 2,300 troops and catapulted the U.S.
into World War 2. The development is not a surprise and is an evolution
of an ongoing trend. As survivors fade, their descendants and the public
are increasingly turning to other ways of learning about the bombing.
“The idea of not having a survivor there for the first time — I just, I
don’t know — it hurt my heart in a way I can’t describe,” said Kimberlee
Heinrichs, whose 105-year-old father Ira “Ike” Schab had to cancel plans
to fly in from Oregon after falling ill.
Survivors have been present every year in recent memory except for 2020,
when the Navy and the National Park Service closed the observance to the
general public because of coronavirus pandemic health risks.
“I can still see what was happening.”
The ceremony began with a moment of silence at 7:55 a.m. local, the same
time the attack began on Dec. 7, 1941. Solemn rituals followed.
Fighter jets flew overhead in “missing man formation," in which one jet
peels off to symbolize those lost. Survivors typically present wreaths
to honor the dead, though active duty troops have assumed this job in
recent years. Survivors also would rise to salute active duty sailors
who themselves salute as their ship passes the USS Arizona Memorial,
which sits above submerged hull of the battleship sunk in the attack.
About 2,000 survivors attended the 50th anniversary event in 1991. A few
dozen have showed in recent decades. Last year, only two made it. That
is out of an estimated 87,000 troops stationed on Oahu that day.
Many survivors were jovial despite the occasion, happy to catch up with
old friends and pose for photographs. Even so, harrowing recollections
were seldom far from their minds.
In 2023, Harry Chandler gazed across the water while telling an
Associated Press reporter how he was raising the flag at a mobile
hospital in the hills above the base when he saw Japanese planes fly in
and drop bombs. Chandler and his fellow Navy hospital corpsmen jumped in
trucks to help the injured.
He spoke of seeing the Arizona explode, and of hearing sailors trapped
on the capsized USS Oklahoma desperately tapping on their ship's hull to
summon rescue. He helped care for Oklahoma sailors after crews cut holes
in the battleship.
“I can still see what was happening,” Chandler said. He died the next
year at a senior living center in Tequesta, Florida.
Lessons from the past
The bombing has long held different meanings for different people, the
historian Emily S. Rosenberg wrote in her book “A Date Which Will Live:
Pearl Harbor in American Memory.”
Some say it highlights the need for a well-prepared military and a
vigilant foreign policy. To some it evokes then-President Franklin D.
Roosevelt administration’s “ineptitude or deceit” and the unfair
scapegoating of the military. Others focus on the “treachery” of Japan
or the heroic acts of individual troops, she wrote.
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Rear Adm. Brad Collins, commander of Navy Region Hawaii, salutes as
he departs after the 84th Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day ceremony,
Sunday, Dec. 7, 2025, in Honolulu. (AP Photo/Mengshin Lin)
Asked what he wanted Americans to know about Pearl Harbor, Chandler
said: “Be prepared.”
“We should have known that was going to happen. The intelligence has
to be better,” he said.
Lou Conter, who was Arizona's last living survivor when he died last
year at 102, told the AP in 2019 he liked to attend to remember
those who lost their lives.
“It’s always good to come back and pay respect to them and give them
the top honors that they deserve,” Conter said.
Heinrichs’ father has been six times since 2016. The former tuba
player on the USS Dobbin likes to go not only to remember those
killed but also in place of his late band mates; his three brothers
who fought in World War II; and the now-deceased Pearl Harbor
survivors he has met.
Recording the remembrances before the survivors are gone
Retired National Park Service Pearl Harbor historian Daniel Martinez
said the circumstances resemble the early 20th century when Civil
War veterans were dying in increasing numbers. Awareness grew that
soon they wouldn't be able to share their stories of Gettysburg and
other battles, he said.
Martinez knew something similar could happen with Pearl Harbor
survivors and recorded their oral histories. During a 1998
convention, he conducted interviews 12 hours a day for three days.
The Park Service today has nearly 800 interviews, most on video.
“They remain as a part of the national memory of a day that changed
America and changed the world,” Martinez said.
The Park Service shows some in its Pearl Harbor museum and aims to
include more after renovations, said David Kilton, the agency's
Pearl Harbor interpretation, education and visitor services lead.
The Library of Congress has collections from 535 Pearl Harbor
survivors, including interviews, letters, photos and diaries. Over
80% are online. They are part of the library's Veterans History
Project of firsthand recollections of veterans who served in World
War I onward. Many were recorded by relatives, Eagle Scouts and
other amateurs interested in documenting history.
The Sons and Daughters of Pearl Harbor Survivors gives presentations
in schools and marches in parades to share the stories of their
families. The California chapter has added six new members this
year, including two great-grandchildren of survivors.
“When they’re all gone, we’re still going to be here," said Deidre
Kelley, the group's president. “And it’s our intent to keep the
memory alive as long as we’re alive.”
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