Satellite photos show activity at Iran nuclear sites as tensions rise
over protest crackdown
[January 31, 2026]
By JON GAMBRELL
DUBAI, United Arab Emirates (AP) — As tensions soar over Iran’s bloody
crackdown on nationwide protests, satellite images show activity at two
Iranian nuclear sites bombed last year by Israel and the United States
that may be a sign of Tehran trying to obscure efforts to salvage any
materials remaining there.
The images from Planet Labs PBC show roofs have been built over two
damaged buildings at the Isfahan and Natanz facilities, the first major
activity noticeable by satellite at any of the country’s stricken
nuclear sites since Israel’s 12-day war with Iran in June.
Those coverings block satellites from seeing what’s happening on the
ground — right now the only way for inspectors from the International
Atomic Energy Agency to monitor the sites as Iran has prevented access.
Iran has not publicly discussed the activity at the two sites. The IAEA,
a watchdog agency of the United Nations, did not respond to requests for
comment.
U.S. President Donald Trump repeatedly has demanded Iran negotiate a
deal over its nuclear program to avert threatened American military
strikes over the country’s crackdown on protesters. The U.S. has moved
the USS Abraham Lincoln and several guided-missile destroyers into the
Middle East, but it remains unclear whether Trump will decide to use
force.
The new roofs do not appear to be a sign of reconstruction starting at
the heavily damaged facilities, experts who examined the sites said.
Instead, they are likely part of Iran’s efforts “to assess whether key
assets — such as limited stocks of highly enriched uranium — survived
the strikes,” said Andrea Stricker, who studies Iran for the
Washington-based Foundation for Defense of Democracies, which has been
sanctioned by Tehran.
“They want to be able to get at any recovered assets they can get to
without Israel or the United States seeing what survived,” she said.
Isfahan and Natanz are 2 key Iran sites
Prior to Israel launching a 12-day war with Iran in June, the Islamic
Republic had three major nuclear sites associated with its program. Iran
long has insisted its nuclear program is peaceful. However, Iranian
officials in recent years have increasingly threatened to pursue the
bomb. The West and the IAEA say Iran had an organized nuclear weapons
program up until 2003.
The Natanz site, some 220 kilometers (135 miles) south of the capital,
is a mix of above- and below-ground laboratories that did the majority
of Iran’s uranium enrichment.
Before the war, the IAEA said Iran used advanced centrifuges there to
enrich uranium up to 60%, a short, technical step from weapons-grade
levels of 90%. Some of the material is presumed to have been onsite for
when the entire complex was attacked.
The facility outside the city of Isfahan was mainly known for producing
the uranium gas that is fed into centrifuges to be spun and purified.
A third site, Fordo, some 95 kilometers (60 miles) southwest of the
capital, housed a hardened enrichment site under a mountain.
During last year’s war, Israel targeted the sites first, followed by
U.S. strikes using bunker-busting bombs and Tomahawk cruise missiles.
The U.S. strikes “significantly degraded Iran’s nuclear program,” the
White House’s National Security Strategy published in November said,
though specifics on the damage have been hard to come by publicly.
Iran has not allowed IAEA inspectors to visit the sites since the
attacks.
Roofs seen in Isfahan and Natanz
The main above-ground enrichment building at Natanz was known as the
Pilot Fuel Enrichment Plant. Israel hit the building June 13, leaving it
“functionally destroyed,” and “seriously damaging” underground halls
holding cascades of centrifuges, the IAEA’s director-general, Rafael
Mariano Grossi, said at the time. A U.S. follow-up attack on June 22 hit
Natanz’s underground facilities with bunker-busting bombs, likely
decimating what remained.
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This satellite image from Planet Labs PBC shows the rubble of the
Pilot Fuel Enrichment Plant at Iran's Natanz nuclear enrichment site
on Dec. 3, 2025. (Planet Labs PBC via AP)
Planet Labs PBC images show Iran began in December to build a roof
over the damaged plant. It completed work on the roof by the end of
the month. Iran has not provided any public acknowledgment of that
work. Natanz’s electrical system appears to still be destroyed.
Iran also appears to be continuing digging work that it began in
2023 at Kūh-e Kolang Gaz Lā, or “Pickaxe Mountain,” a few hundred
meters (yards) south of the Natanz complex’s perimeter fence.
Satellite images show piles of dirt from the excavation growing in
size. It is believed to be building a new underground nuclear
facility there.
At Isfahan, Iran began building a similar roof over a structure near
the facility’s northeast corner, finishing the work in early
January. The exact function of that building isn’t publicly known,
although the Israeli military at the time said its strikes at
Isfahan targeted sites there associated with centrifuge
manufacturing. The Israeli military did not respond to requests for
comment over the construction.
Meanwhile, imagery shows that two tunnels into a mountain near the
Isfahan facility have been packed with dirt, a measure against
missile strikes that Iran also did just before the June war. A third
tunnel appears to have been cleared of dirt, with a new set of walls
built near the entrance as an apparent security measure.
Sarah Burkhard, a senior research associate for the Washington-based
Institute for Science and International Security, which long has
watched Iran’s nuclear sites, said the roofs appear to be part of an
operation to “recover any sort of remaining assets or rubble without
letting us know what they are getting out of there.”
Sean O’Connor, an expert at at the open-source intelligence firm
Janes, concurred that the aim was likely “to obscure activity rather
than to, say, repair or rebuild a structure for use.”
Other work continues in Iran
Since the end of the war, Iran has worked to reconstitute its
ballistic missile program, rebuilding sites associated with the
program, earlier AP reporting showed. That’s included work at a
military complex known as Parchin, just to the southeast of Tehran.
In recent weeks, Iran has been working to rebuild a site at Parchin
identified by the Institute for Science and International Security
as “Taleghan 2.” Israel destroyed the site in an airstrike in
October 2024.
It has said an archive of Iranian nuclear data earlier seized by
Israel identified the building as housing an explosive chamber and a
special X-ray system to study explosive tests. Such tests could be
used in research toward compressing a core of uranium with
explosives — something that’s needed for an implosion-style nuclear
weapon.
Satellite photos show construction being done at “Taleghan 2” in
recent months. The open-source intelligence firm Janes similarly
noted the construction, as did the institute.
“This has been reconstituted very rapidly,” said Lewis Smart, a
Janes analyst who studies Iran’s nuclear program. “It’s being
expanded to potentially make it more resistant to penetration
attacks and bombings. ... A rather large containment vessel is being
put into the facility, which could be used for high explosive
testing.”
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